Santandria

This is an article related to the Commonwealth of New Duveland

Santandria Wāhihaumaru (Māori)
City
Clockwise from top: Santandria Cityscape, Our Lady of Victories Church, Torre del Puerto, Santandria Town Hall, San Teresa Bridge and the Gran Torre.
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname(s):  Little Balearic Petit Balear
Country	New Duveland
Province	Montmaneu Islands
Founded	15th October 1804
City Council	Santandria City Council
Government
• Mayor	Juan Pedro Yllanes
Area
• Total	157.34 km2 (60.75 sq mi)
Population  (2023)
• Total	145,576
• Density	930/km2 (2,400/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+11 (NDST)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+
Postal Code	3000
Telephone Code	03
Website	www.santandria.gov.nd

Santandria is a city located around Wāhihaumaru Bay on the island of Nova Menorca, which is part of the Nova Menorca Archipelago and is the capital and largest city of the Montmaneu Islands. The city has a population of 145,576, making it moderately sized by New Duveland standards as the 24th largest city in the country. Despite its relatively small size, it is the economic, industrial, and cultural hub of the Montmaneu Islands.

The city's picturesque location and unique history and culture make it one of the most visited areas of New Duveland. Surrounded by beaches and rolling hills, Santandria offers expansive views of the South Pacific Ocean. The city has a rich Māori history dating back to the 15th century, when the local Māori iwi, the Kokoruhuna, used the natural protection of Wāhihaumaru Bay to help defend themselves from other warring tribes and built several pā, or fortified villages, along the bay's entrance. The Kokoruhuna maintained their presence in the region until the arrival of European explorers and settlers in the late 18th century.

Santandria has a rich colonial history as well. It was the capital of Spain's only colony in Australiasia, established as an attempt to extend its influence into the newly settled regions and counter both French and British influence. However, after the Spanish–American War, the islands were sold to the United Kingdom in 1899 as part of the English–Spanish Treaty of 1899 and became part of the Dominion of New Duveland. The city's inhabitants under English rule made deep efforts to retain their Spanish, and more accurately, their Balearic identity. This cultural legacy is still evident today, with the Catalan language retained in small pockets, and roughly 40% of the population using it in some form every day. English is the second most popular language, followed by French and Māori.

Despite its colonial history, Santandria has maintained a unique identity and culture that blends Māori, Spanish, and English influences. It is known for its vibrant arts scene, which includes music, theater, and dance performances, as well as its museums and galleries. The city also has a thriving food culture, with a mix of traditional Māori and Spanish dishes, as well as international cuisine. Santandria's location on the coast has made it a hub for seafood production and export, with fishing and aquaculture playing a significant role in the local economy.

Name

The name "Santandria" comes from the combination of two words: "sant" and "Andría." "Sant" means "saint" in Catalan, the local language of the Balearic Islands. "Andría" is the name of the harbour that the city is located around. It is believed that the name "Andría" comes from the Arabic word "andarin," which means "small valley" or "gully." Therefore, "Santandria" roughly translates to "Saint Andría" or "Saint Gully," reflecting the area's history and geography. The first free settlers of the area named it such in honour of their home island, all of which came from a small village of the same name in what is now part of Ciutadella de Menorca.

Wāhihaumaru is the Māori of both Santandria, and of the bay the city sits on, and it is composed of two words: "wāhi" and "haumaru." In Māori, "wāhi" means "place" or "location," while "haumaru" means "safe" or "secure." Therefore, "Wāhihaumaru" roughly translates to "a place of safety or security," reflecting the Māori perspective on the city and bay as a place of safety and security, reffering to the city's location away from the mainland, and within a harbour that is easily defensible, with a narrow entrance that opens up to a wide interior.

History

Pre-Colonial

A view of the entrance of Wāhihaumaru Bay showcasing Kokoruhuna Pā, seen during the Second voyage of James Cook (1774).

The Kokoruhuna, the local Māori tribe in the area that is now Santandria, had a rich and unique history dating back to the 15th century. The tribe was skilled in fishing and seafaring and built their fortified settlements, known as pā, along the entrance of Wāhihaumaru Bay. These pā were constructed on high ground and designed to withstand attack from both land and sea, demonstrating the tribe's strategic military planning.

The Kokoruhuna's way of life was strongly connected to the land and sea, and their art and traditions reflected this. They had a thriving community and economy, and their cultural practices and spiritual beliefs were closely tied to the natural environment. However, the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century disrupted their way of life and led to conflicts with European settlers. The Kokoruhuna experienced significant loss of land and resources, which had a lasting impact on their culture and traditions.

Despite the challenges faced by the Kokoruhuna, their legacy and influence can still be seen in the cultural practices of the region. Many of the place names in the area are derived from Māori language, and local communities continue to engage with Māori traditions and customs. The Māori culture and traditions are an integral part of the identity of the Montmaneu Islands, and visitors to the area can experience the richness and diversity of Māori culture through various cultural activities and events.

19th century

Migrants arriving in Santandria by ship, 1885.

Santandria has a rich colonial history as well. It was the capital of Spain's only colony in Australiasia, established as an attempt to extend its influence into the newly settled regions and counter both French and English influence. The Spanish explorers arrived in the area in the late 18th century, and they named the area "Nova Menorca" after the island of Menorca in the Mediterranean. However, they did not establish a settlement until the late 18th century.

In 1790, the Spanish established a colony in the area and named it "Santa Cruz de Nuca". They built a fort to protect the city and began to establish trade relations with the local Māori iwi. However, the Spanish colony did not last long, and they abandoned the area in 1795.

In 1805, the Spanish returned and established both a penal and free colony on the island with improved relations with the Kokoruhuna, and established the Treaty of Wāhihaumaru, which allowed the Spanish access to Wāhihaumaru Bay, in return for protection and secured trade with the Kokoruhuna. This came to benefit the Spanish, as In 1843, the French established a settlement in the area, but they were forced to abandon it two years later due to conflicts with the Kokoruhuna.

During the Spanish-American War, the Spanish lost their colonies in the Pacific, and they sold their remaining territories to the English and Germans in 1899, with the the English-Spanish Treaty of 1899 transferring the Montmaneu Islands to the Dominion of New Duveland. Santandria became the capital of the Montmaneu Islands, which were incorporated into the Dominion of New Duveland.

20th century

Men in Santandria collecting recruitment papers during World War I.

In the early 20th century, Santandria experienced significant changes, including the establishment of a tram network in the city in 1903, which greatly improved transportation options for residents and visitors alike. This network remains in operation to the present, although it was reduced to a single city-circle line as all other lines until were gradually phased out in favour of buses and cars during the mid 19th century.

The outbreak of World War I in 1914 had a significant impact on Santandria and New Duveland as a whole. Many young men from the city were sent to fight in Europe, leaving a significant void in the workforce and social fabric of the community. The war also brought about a significant economic shift, as the demand for raw materials and foodstuffs increased, and the government implemented policies to support the war effort. The government encouraged farmers to increase their production to support the war effort, which led to a significant increase in agricultural production in Santandria and the surrounding islands. The city's port also played an essential role in supplying the country's military forces, and the shipping industry boomed during this period.

The war's aftermath brought significant social and economic changes to New Duveland as a whole. The loss of life during the war had a profound impact on communities across the country, including Santandria. The country's economy experienced a downturn, and unemployment increased. The government implemented policies to support the country's transition to peacetime, including providing financial assistance to returning soldiers and their families and supporting the development of new industries.

The Great Depression of the 1930s had a severe impact on Santandria's economy. Many of the city's industries, such as tourism and agriculture, were hit hard, as people had less disposable income to spend on travel and luxury goods. Unemployment rates soared, and many families struggled to make ends meet. The government responded with a series of measures to try to alleviate the suffering, including the creation of public works programs to provide employment and infrastructure improvements, such as road and building construction. Despite these efforts, the city and its residents continued to struggle throughout the decade. It was only with the outbreak of World War II and the subsequent increase in government spending that the city's economy began to recover.

The San Teresa Bridge, opened in 1962, transformed the transportation infrastructure of Santandria.

During World War II, Santandria was not directly targeted by enemy attacks due to its remote location. Nevertheless, the city played a vital role in the war effort. Many of its residents joined the military and fought in various parts of the world, including Europe and the Pacific. Additionally, the city's industries, particularly its shipbuilding and aviation industries, were crucial to the war effort, producing planes and ships for the Allied forces. The city also served as a major transportation hub, with troops and supplies passing through on their way to other parts of the country and the world. The war had a significant impact on the city's economy and society, as it did for much of the world, and it took several years for the city to fully recover from the effects of the war.

After the war, the city experienced a period of growth and prosperity, with the tourism industry becoming a major source of revenue for the region. The San Teresa Bridge, completed in 1962, transformed the transportation infrastructure of Santandria, connecting the historic city centre in the north to the expanding industrial and residential areas in the south. Prior to the bridge's construction, the only option for crossing the bay was a slow and inefficient ferry. The bridge was a major engineering feat, designed to withstand severe weather conditions and heavy traffic, including commercial trucks and buses. It has opened up new areas for development and economic growth, becoming an important landmark and popular tourist destination for its stunning views of the city and bay. One year later in 1963, the Unification Act was passed, which unified the Montmaneu Islands with the neighbouring Lapérouse Realm, making travel to neighbouring cities such as Espérance, Loisieux, and Valéry much easier. This led to a further boom in the local tourism industry, as visitors could easily explore the region and its many attractions.

Present Day

The expansion of the tram network has transformed public transport access throughout the city.

Santandria has continued to thrive as a popular tourist destination and a centre of industry and culture in the Montmaneu Islands. The city has undergone significant modernisation and development, with new infrastructure and buildings being constructed to meet the needs of its growing population and economy.

One notable development in recent years has been the expansion of the city's public transportation system. The Santandria Tram Network, which was first established in the early 20th century, has been expanded and modernised, providing more efficient and convenient travel options for residents and visitors alike. The tram network also plays an important role in reducing traffic congestion and promoting sustainable transportation practices.

Santandria has also continued to attract visitors from around the world, thanks in part to its stunning natural beauty, rich history, and unique cultural heritage. The city's beaches, rolling hills, and picturesque harbour continue to be major draws for tourists, while its museums, art galleries, and cultural events showcase the diverse traditions and creative talent of the Montmaneu Islands.

In terms of industry, Santandria remains an important economic hub, with a range of businesses and industries driving its growth and development. The city's port, which was first established in the 19th century, continues to serve as a vital gateway for trade and commerce in the region, while its manufacturing, service, and technology sectors provide employment opportunities for thousands of residents.

Geography

The entrance of Wāhihaumaru Bay is extremely rugged.

Santandria is located on the east coast of Nova Menorca, which is part of the larger Nova Menorca Archipelago. The city is situated on a narrow strip of land between the South Pacific Ocean to the east and the island's central mountain range, with the city spreading out around Wāhihaumaru Bay. The surrounding landscape is characterised by rolling hills covered in lush greenery, and there are numerous beaches within easy reach of the city.

The Wāhihaumaru Bay is a large natural harbor that has played an important role in the city's history. The bay is sheltered from the open ocean by a narrow entrance, making it a strategic location for both defence and commerce. In pre-colonial times, the local Māori tribe built several fortified settlements called pā along the bay's entrance to protect themselves from other warring tribes. Today, the bay is still used for fishing and boating, and it is a popular destination for tourists who want to explore the area's natural beauty.

Santandria is also located in a seismically active area, and earthquakes are not uncommon. In fact, the city has experienced several major earthquakes throughout its history, including a devastating earthquake in 1931 that caused extensive damage and loss of life. As a result, the city has strict building codes and regulations designed to ensure that structures are able to withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters.

Climate

Santandria is famous for it's year-round moderate temperatures.

Santandria's year-round moderate temperatures are a major draw for tourists and residents alike. Unlike many other cities, which can experience extreme temperature fluctuations throughout the year, Santandria's climate is consistently mild, with temperatures ranging from around 14°C (59°F) in the winter to 26°C (79°F) in the summer.

This makes it an ideal destination for those who want to enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and sightseeing without the discomfort of extreme heat or cold. The city's moderate temperatures also mean that it has a thriving outdoor dining and entertainment scene, with many cafes, bars, and restaurants offering al fresco dining options throughout the year.

The mild climate in Santandria is due in large part to its location in the southern hemisphere and its marine subtropical climate. The city is influenced by the warm waters of the South Pacific Ocean, which help to moderate its temperatures and create a comfortable environment for visitors and residents. Overall, Santandria's year-round moderate temperatures are one of its most attractive features, making it a popular destination for tourists and a desirable place to live for those who value a comfortable, temperate climate.

Climate data for El Toro Observation, Nova Menorca (1992–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	28.3 (82.9)	28.4 (83.1)	28.4 (83.1)	27.9 (82.2)	25.1 (77.2)	23.4 (74.1)	21.9 (71.4)	21.8 (71.2)	23.8 (74.8)	24.4 (75.9)	26.5 (79.7)	28.2 (82.8)	28.4 (83.1)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	26.4 (79.5)	26.8 (80.2)	25.8 (78.4)	24.5 (76.1)	22.5 (72.5)	20.9 (69.6)	19.9 (67.8)	20.0 (68.0)	20.8 (69.4)	22.2 (72.0)	23.6 (74.5)	25.5 (77.9)	26.8 (80.2)
Average high °C (°F)	24.8 (76.6)	25.3 (77.5)	24.5 (76.1)	23.0 (73.4)	21.1 (70.0)	19.4 (66.9)	18.6 (65.5)	18.5 (65.3)	19.4 (66.9)	20.4 (68.7)	21.9 (71.4)	23.6 (74.5)	21.7 (71.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	22.2 (72.0)	22.8 (73.0)	22.0 (71.6)	20.5 (68.9)	18.8 (65.8)	17.2 (63.0)	16.3 (61.3)	16.0 (60.8)	16.9 (62.4)	17.8 (64.0)	19.2 (66.6)	20.9 (69.6)	19.2 (66.6)
Average low °C (°F)	19.5 (67.1)	20.2 (68.4)	19.5 (67.1)	18.0 (64.4)	16.5 (61.7)	14.9 (58.8)	14.0 (57.2)	13.5 (56.3)	14.3 (57.7)	15.2 (59.4)	16.4 (61.5)	18.2 (64.8)	16.7 (62.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	17.6 (63.7)	18.1 (64.6)	17.5 (63.5)	15.9 (60.6)	14.4 (57.9)	12.8 (55.0)	12.0 (53.6)	11.5 (52.7)	12.1 (53.8)	13.2 (55.8)	14.1 (57.4)	15.9 (60.6)	11.5 (52.7)
Record low °C (°F)	14.8 (58.6)	14.8 (58.6)	15.1 (59.2)	10.5 (50.9)	12.9 (55.2)	10.8 (51.4)	10.0 (50.0)	9.4 (48.9)	9.8 (49.6)	10.9 (51.6)	10.2 (50.4)	14.0 (57.2)	9.4 (48.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	80.3 (3.16)	86.8 (3.42)	106.8 (4.20)	95.4 (3.76)	101.5 (4.00)	120.6 (4.75)	122.5 (4.82)	99.6 (3.92)	78.4 (3.09)	62.0 (2.44)	72.0 (2.83)	83.9 (3.30)	1,109.8 (43.69)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm)	7.7	8.8	9.3	10.3	12.2	13.0	13.6	12.2	9.4	7.5	6.8	6.7	117.5
Mean monthly sunshine hours	238.7	203.4	204.6	198.0	189.1	168.0	186.0	223.2	219.0	241.8	249.0	241.8	2,556.8
Mean daily sunshine hours	7.7	7.2	6.6	6.6	6.1	5.6	6.0	7.2	7.3	7.8	8.3	7.8	7.0
Percent possible sunshine	57	56	54	59	58	55	58	65	62	61	62	56	58
Source: Bureau of Meteorology New Duveland (temperature, precipitation, humidity) (1997-2016)

Demographics

Santandria has a diverse and multicultural population of approximately 145,500 people. According to the latest census data, the population is predominantly of European descent, with significant Māori, Pacific Islander, and Asian communities. The largest ethnic group is New Duvelander, accounting for around 60% of the population, followed by Māori at approximately 20%. Pacific Islanders and Asians make up the remaining 20%.

The city also has a significant expatriate population, with many individuals from Europe, North America, and Asia living and working in the city. This has contributed to the city's cosmopolitan feel and diverse range of cultural activities.

The city has a relatively young population, with a median age of around 33 years old. The birth rate is slightly higher than the national average, and the city has a growing youth population, reflecting its status as a hub for education and employment opportunities.

Languages

Santandria is a culturally diverse city with a rich linguistic heritage. English is the most widely spoken language in the city, owing to New Duveland's colonial history and the influence of English-speaking settlers. The city's residents are fluent in the language, which is used in official and commercial contexts. However, Santandria also has a significant population that speaks Catalan, an official language of the Montmaneu Islands. This reflects the city's unique cultural heritage and its position as a hub of Montmaneu Islander culture. Catalan is used in everyday conversation, as well as in local media and cultural events. Other languages spoken in the city include French and Māori, reflecting the diversity of the city's residents and its cosmopolitan character. While English is the dominant language in the city, its linguistic diversity contributes to the city's cultural richness and makes it a vibrant and welcoming place to live and visit.

Our Lady of Victories Church is a symbol of the city's Roman Catholic population.

Religion

Santandria's religious landscape has undergone significant changes in recent years, reflecting broader trends in New Duveland and around the world. The 2018 census found that 55% of the city's population identifies as irreligious, a significant increase from previous years. This shift away from religion has been accompanied by a growing emphasis on secularism and humanism, as well as an increased interest in spirituality and mindfulness practices.

Despite the rise of irreligion, Christianity remains a significant force in Santandria. The largest Christian denominations in the city are the Catholic, Anglican, and Presbyterian churches, which have a long history in the region. These churches have played a key role in shaping the city's social, cultural, and political landscape, and continue to be important institutions for many residents.

In addition to Christianity, Santandria is also home to significant populations of Buddhists, Muslims, and Hindus. These communities have established their own places of worship and cultural centers, and have made important contributions to the city's diversity and cosmopolitan character. The presence of these faiths reflects the city's openness to different cultures and beliefs, and its commitment to fostering a welcoming and inclusive community for all residents.

Law and government

Santandria, as the capital city of the Montmaneu Islands province of New Duveland, serves as a hub for government activities. Many of the province's key government buildings are located in the city, including Parliament House, the Courthouse, Government House, and other government offices. The presence of these institutions underscores the city's important role in the governance of the Montmaneu Islands and New Duveland as a whole.

The province of Montmaneu Islands has a representative democratic system of government. The Governor, who serves as the representative of the monarch of New Duveland, is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister of New Duveland. The city also has a mayor and city council, who are responsible for local governance. Together, these institutions work to promote democratic values and ensure the well-being of Santandria's residents, while also being accountable to the wider governance structures of the Montmaneu Islands and New Duveland.

In terms of law enforcement, Santandria has its own police force, which is responsible for maintaining public safety and enforcing local ordinances. The city also has its own court system, which handles criminal and civil cases that occur within its jurisdiction. This system is designed to ensure justice and fairness for all residents of the city.

Overall, the city's government and legal system are designed to promote democratic values and ensure the well-being of its residents, while also being accountable to the wider governance structures of the Montmaneu Islands and New Duveland. The city is a vibrant and dynamic community, with a rich cultural heritage and a commitment to building a prosperous and inclusive future for all who call it home.

Economy

Gran Torre, completed in 2019 has become a symbol of the city's economic prosperity.

Santandria has a diverse and thriving economy, with a strong focus on the service sector, including finance, tourism, and hospitality. The city is also home to a growing tech industry and has become a hub for start-ups and entrepreneurship.

The finance sector is a significant contributor to the city's economy, with many large national and international banks having a presence in the city. The Santandria Stock Exchange is also an important financial institution in the city, providing a platform for businesses to raise capital and for investors to trade stocks and securities.

The port of Santandria is a vital part of the city's economy, serving as a hub for trade and commerce in the Montmaneu Islands. The port is the largest in the province and handles a significant amount of goods and materials each year, including both imports and exports. The city's location on the east coast of Nova Menorca and its well-developed infrastructure make it an ideal location for shipping and trade.

Santandria is also the fishing hub of the Montmaneu Islands, with a thriving fishing industry that provides employment and income for many residents. The city's port serves as a major centre for fishing boats and trawlers, which bring in a variety of fish and seafood from the surrounding waters. The city's fishing industry is an important source of both local and export revenue, with many of the products being shipped to markets around the world.

In addition to fishing, Santandria is also home to a range of other industries, including manufacturing, finance, and technology. The city is known for its skilled workforce and innovative businesses, which have helped to drive economic growth and development in the region. Many of the products produced in the city, such as electronics, textiles, and processed foods, are exported to markets around the world.

Tourism

Santandria's beaches are a main attraction of the city.

Santandria is renowned for its picturesque beaches, which are a major attraction for tourists from around the world. The city's stable weather, with warm temperatures and abundant sunshine throughout the year, is a major draw for domestic tourists, who flock to the city's beaches during the summer months. The largest group of domestic tourists come from Espérance, where several day cruises connect Santandria to the rest of the Montmaneu Islands and the mainland.

In addition to its natural beauty, Santandria has a rich cultural heritage, with many historic sites, museums, and art galleries. The city's cosmopolitan character, with its diverse population and thriving arts scene, also makes it a popular destination for international visitors. The city has a thriving hospitality sector, with many hotels, restaurants, and bars catering to the needs of visitors.

Throughout the year, the city hosts several large-scale events and festivals, which attract large numbers of tourists and provide a boost to the local economy. These include cultural festivals, music concerts, and sporting events, as well as holiday celebrations such as Christmas and New Year's Eve. The city's vibrant and diverse entertainment scene also draws in many visitors, with a range of nightlife options that cater to all tastes and preferences. Overall, tourism is a major contributor to the economy of Santandria, providing employment and business opportunities for local residents.

Education

The Montmaneu Islands University home campus is the largest of it's kind in the province.

Santandria has a well-developed education system, with a range of educational institutions serving the needs of its diverse population. The city has a number of primary and secondary schools, which are overseen by the Montmaneu Islands Ministry of Education. These schools provide education in English and other languages, reflecting the city's linguistically diverse population.

Santandria is also home to several higher education institutions, including the University of Montmaneu Islands - Santandria Campus. This campus offers a range of undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs in a variety of fields, including business, engineering, and the social sciences. The campus has state-of-the-art facilities and attracts students from across the Montmaneu Islands and beyond.

In addition to the University of Montmaneu Islands - Santandria Campus, the city is also home to several other vocational and technical colleges, offering training and certification programs in fields such as healthcare, hospitality, and trades.

Overall, the city's education system is designed to promote excellence and provide residents with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed in the modern economy. The education sector is a key contributor to the city's economy and helps to attract talented individuals from across the Montmaneu Islands and beyond.

Architecture

Santandria is renowned across New Duveland for its exceptional examples of Spanish Colonial and Mediterranean Revival architecture. This style of architecture is characterised by its use of stucco walls, red tile roofs, wrought-iron detailing, and arched windows and doorways. The city's pride in its Spanish heritage is evident in its many buildings, from government and religious structures to low-density residential homes and commercial buildings.

Many of the city's remaining colonial buildings have been heritage-listed and carefully preserved, serving as a visual reminder of the city's past. The strict building codes in Santandria reflect the importance placed on preserving the city's unique character and history. These codes limit new building designs in terms of height, colour, and materials to ensure that new developments complement the existing architecture and maintain the city's overall aesthetic.

One notable example of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in Santandria is the Our Lady of Victories Church. Completed in 1913, the church features a striking bell tower and a white stucco façade. Its interior is adorned with intricate stained glass windows and a beautiful altar.

Another impressive example is the Santandria Town Hall, which was completed in the 1920s. The building features a red tile roof and a white stucco façade with ornate wrought-iron detailing. Its clock tower is a prominent feature of the city skyline.

The Parliament House is another outstanding example of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. The building features a symmetrical façade with an arched entrance and a central dome. Its interior is adorned with marble columns and intricate mouldings.

The Courthouse is also a notable example of the style, featuring stucco walls, red tile roofs, and arched windows. It is located in the heart of the city's civic precinct, alongside Government House, which is also designed in the Spanish Colonial Revival style.

Much of the city's built environment is designed in this style, and the remaining colonial buildings are all heritage listed. To preserve the city's unique architectural character, strict building codes limit new building designs in terms of height, colour, and materials.

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  Our Lady of Victories Church, Completed in 1913.
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  Hydro Motor Inn Motel on the outskirts of Santandria.
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  Typical low-density single residential dwelling found in the outer suburbs.
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  Typical housing as seen in the inner city.
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  An apartment block typical of the inner city.
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  The Santandria Courthouse.
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  Santandria Museum
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  The Santandria Town Hall
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  Parliament House
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  Government House

Events and festivals

A crowd at the Montmaneu Islands Cultural Festival, 2015.

Santandria is home to several large-scale events and festivals throughout the year, which attract both locals and tourists from around the world. One of the most famous events is the Montmaneu Islands Cultural Festival, which takes place in Santandria every summer. This festival celebrates the rich cultural heritage of the Montmaneu Islands, with music, dance, art, and food from different parts of the islands on display. Visitors can enjoy traditional performances from local artists, sample regional cuisine, and take part in cultural activities.

Another popular event is the Santandria Food and Wine Festival, which takes place every autumn. This festival celebrates the city's thriving culinary scene, with top chefs from around the country coming together to showcase their creations. Visitors can taste an array of dishes and wines, attend cooking demonstrations, and enjoy live music and entertainment.

For those interested in sports, the annual Montmaneu Islands Iron-man Triathlon is a must-see event. This challenging competition takes participants through a gruelling 3.8 km swim, 180 km bike ride, and 42.2 km run. The course takes athletes through the city and its surroundings, offering breathtaking views of the coastline and countryside.

Arts and culture

The Santandria Museum of Art is found in Santandria.

Santandria is known for its rich arts and culture scene, which reflects the diverse heritage and traditions of the Montmaneu Islands. The city is home to many art galleries, museums, and cultural institutions, which showcase a range of artistic styles and mediums.

The Santandria Museum of Art is one of the city's most popular cultural attractions, featuring a collection of contemporary and traditional art from the Montmaneu Islands and around the world. The museum hosts regular exhibitions, talks, and workshops, and also offers educational programs for children and adults. In addition to the museum, the city has a vibrant arts community, with many local artists showcasing their work in galleries and public spaces throughout the city. Street art and murals are a common sight in Santandria, adding colour and vibrancy to the city's streets.

The city also hosts many cultural events throughout the year, celebrating everything from music and dance to food and drink. The Santandria Arts Festival is a major event on the city's cultural calendar, featuring live performances, art installations, and workshops.

The city is also known for its cuisine, which is a fusion of traditional Montmaneu Islander dishes and international flavours. Many of the city's restaurants and cafes serve locally sourced seafood, as well as a variety of international cuisine, reflecting the cosmopolitan character of the city.

Overall, Santandria's arts and culture scene is an integral part of the city's identity, and a source of pride for its residents. Visitors to the city can expect to experience a rich and diverse cultural landscape, showcasing the best of the Montmaneu Islands and beyond.

Recreation

Cala en Bosch is popular for families with calmer waters.

Beaches

Santandria is renowned for its stunning beaches, which attract tourists from all over the world. The city's coastline stretches for over 30 kilometres, offering a wide variety of beach experiences, from quiet coves to bustling seaside resorts.

One of the most popular beaches in Santandria is Playa de Santandria, located just a few kilometres west of the city centre. It is a picturesque cove with clear turquoise waters and fine golden sand. The beach is surrounded by cliffs and native Norfolk Pine trees, providing visitors with a tranquil and scenic setting. Facilities at the beach include showers, toilets, and beach chairs for hire.

Another popular beach in the city is Playa de Sa Caleta, situated at the eastern end of the city. It is a small, sheltered beach that offers a more secluded and intimate beach experience. The beach is characterised by its crystal-clear waters and white sand, making it a popular destination for snorkelling and swimming. Facilities at the beach include a bar and restaurant, toilets, and showers.

Cala Blanca, located on the western outskirts of the city, is a long and wide sandy beach that offers a range of amenities and activities. The beach is backed by a promenade, which is lined with restaurants, cafes, and shops, and there are plenty of facilities at the beach, including showers, toilets, and sun loungers for hire.

Cala en Bosch, located in the south of the city, is a sheltered bay that offers a peaceful and relaxed beach experience. The beach is characterised by its crystal-clear waters and fine golden sand, and it's a popular destination for families with young children. Facilities at the beach include showers, toilets, and beach chairs for hire.

Finally, situated in the northwest of the city, Son Saura is a stunning and secluded beach that offers a more remote and natural beach experience. The beach is backed by sand dunes and pine forests, providing visitors with a peaceful and scenic setting. Facilities at the beach are limited, so visitors should bring their own supplies.

Fishing

Santandria Harbour is a popular starting point for recreational fishing.

Santandria is a popular destination for recreational fishing, and visitors to the city have a wide variety of fishing experiences to choose from. The city's coastline is home to many species of fish, including tuna, sea bream, sea bass, and swordfish. Visitors can choose to fish from the shore or book a fishing charter and head out to deeper waters. One of the most popular types of fishing in Santandria is shore fishing, which involves fishing from the beaches and rocky outcrops along the coastline. Visitors can fish for species such as sea bass, mullet, and squid, and there are many areas along the coastline that are popular with shore anglers. Some of the most popular spots for shore fishing include Cala Blanca, Sa Caleta, and Punta Prima.

For those looking for a more adventurous fishing experience, there are many fishing charters available in Santandria. Visitors can book a charter and head out to sea with experienced guides who will take them to the best fishing spots and provide all the necessary equipment. Fishing charters are a great way to catch bigger fish, such as tuna, swordfish, and marlin, which can be found in the deeper waters off the coast. Visitors to Santandria can also participate in fly fishing, which is a popular method for catching sea bass and other species along the rocky coastline. Fly fishing involves casting a lightweight lure, or "fly," onto the water and then enticing the fish to bite.

Parks and gardens

Parque de la Ciudadela is the most visited park in the city.

Santandria is a city that boasts several parks and gardens, offering visitors the opportunity to escape the hustle and bustle of the city and relax in peaceful surroundings. Some of the most notable parks and gardens in Santandria include:

• The Parque de la Ciudadela is a large park located in the heart of the city. The park features a large central lake, a variety of sculptures and monuments, and numerous walking paths. Visitors can also explore the Citadel, a historic fortress located within the park.
• The Jardí Botànic de Santandria is a botanical garden located on the outskirts of the city. The garden is home to a variety of plant species, including exotic and native plants from around the world. Visitors can take a guided tour of the garden, participate in educational programs, or simply stroll through the beautiful surroundings.
• The Parc Natural de s'Albufera des Grau is a natural park located in the northeastern part of the island. The park is home to a variety of wildlife species, including birds, fish, and reptiles, and offers visitors the opportunity to explore the park's natural beauty through hiking, biking, and kayaking.
• The Parc de la Mar is a waterfront park located near the city's historic center. The park features a large central fountain, a variety of sculptures, and numerous benches and picnic areas. Visitors can enjoy views of the sea and nearby Cathedral from the park's vantage points.
• The Jardins d'Alfabia are a series of gardens located on the outskirts of the city. The gardens feature a variety of plant species, including orange and lemon trees, and offer visitors the opportunity to explore the historic and cultural significance of the gardens through guided tours.
• Overall, the parks and gardens in Santandria offer visitors the opportunity to relax and explore the natural beauty of the island. Whether visitors are interested in exploring historic fortresses or admiring exotic plant species, there is something for everyone in the city's many parks and gardens.

Sports

Santandria Stadium, located in the heart of the city, is the largest stadium in the Montmaneu Islands.

Sports play a significant role in the culture of Santandria, and the city offers a variety of options for both spectators and athletes. Among the most popular sports in the city are rugby union, rugby league, and soccer. The city is home to several teams that compete at local and national levels, and rugby union has a particularly passionate following among locals. The sport has a long history in the city, with teams like the Santandria Rugby Club having been established for decades.

The Santandria Stadium, located in the heart of the city, is the largest stadium in the Montmaneu Islands. It has a seating capacity of 30,000 and is the home ground for several of the city's top sports teams, including the Santandria Rugby Club and the Santandria Soccer Club. The stadium has hosted numerous local, national, and international matches, drawing large crowds of enthusiastic fans who come to cheer on their favourite teams.

Aside from spectator sports, Santandria provides a range of recreational sports and fitness options for visitors and locals. The city has several gyms and fitness centres, offering a variety of equipment and workout options. Additionally, the city has facilities for tennis, golf, and water sports like kayaking, windsurfing, and scuba diving. Visitors can also explore the city's many trails and bike paths by hiking and cycling, or participate in organised sports events such as marathons and triathlons.

Media

Santandria has a diverse and vibrant media landscape, with a range of print, radio, and television outlets that cater to both locals and visitors. The city has several newspapers, including the Santandria Times and the News Montmaneu Islands, which provide coverage of local and national news, events, and culture.

Radio is also an important medium in Santandria, with several stations that offer a mix of music, news, and talk programs. The city's most popular radio stations include Radio Santandria, Radio Illa, and Radio Platja, which cater to a wide range of audiences and musical tastes. NDBC and NDSBS are two radio stations in the city that offer programs in English, French, Catalan, and Māori, catering to the diverse linguistic needs of the community.

Television is another important medium in Santandria, with several local and national channels available to viewers. The city is served by New Duveland's three largest commercial networks, Network Two, Twelve, and Five, which provide a mix of local and international programming. In addition, there are several local channels that cater to specific interests, such as sports, music, and culture.

Transport

The San Teresa Harbour Bridge is a crucial transit link between both sides of the bay.

Santandria offers a variety of transportation options to visitors and locals, making it easy to navigate the city and its surroundings. The city is served by a modern and efficient public transportation system, which includes buses, taxis, and trains. In addition, visitors can rent cars, motorbikes, or bicycles to explore the city at their own pace.

The city's transport network is made up of trams, ferry's and buses, with all services operated by Moving Montmaneu Islands (MMI), and connect not just the city's suburbs together, but also to other towns on Nova Menorca and throughout the islands.

Taxis are also readily available in the city and can be hailed on the street or booked in advance. Taxis are metered, and fares are regulated by the government, ensuring that visitors do not get overcharged. Additionally, ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft are not available in Santandria. There are also several car rental companies, offering visitors the option to explore the island at their own pace. Visitors can choose from a variety of cars, including small city cars, larger family-sized vehicles, and luxury cars. Motorbikes and scooters are also available for rent and are a popular way to explore the city and its surroundings.

Tram

Historic Trams from the early 20th century still run in the city's city circle tram line.

Santandria's tram network has been an important part of the city's transportation infrastructure since it was first established in the early 20th century. Since then, it has been expanded and modernized, providing more efficient and convenient travel options for residents and visitors alike. The tram network also plays an important role in reducing traffic congestion and promoting sustainable transportation practices.

Aside from the historic city circle tram, which remains a popular tourist attraction, the city's new line connects the southern suburbs to the city centre, providing an additional transportation option for commuters and visitors. The modern tram system features air-conditioned and accessible trams, and offers frequent and reliable service throughout the day. The trams run on dedicated tracks and provide a smooth and comfortable ride, making them a popular choice for locals and visitors alike.

In addition to providing an efficient and sustainable mode of transportation, the tram network also serves as a convenient way to explore the city's many attractions. Trams pass by many of the city's most popular landmarks and tourist destinations, providing visitors with a convenient and affordable way to get around and see the sights. Overall, the tram network is a key component of Santandria's transportation infrastructure, providing residents and visitors with a reliable and efficient way to get around the city.

15 bus routes connect the city to it's suburbs and to the rest of Nova Menorca.

Bus

The city's bus system is operated by the Santandria Bus Company and offers an extensive network of routes that connect the city's different neighbourhoods and suburbs. The buses are comfortable and air-conditioned, making them an ideal way to travel around the city during the hot summer months. In addition, the network connects most of the city's suburbs and neighbourhoods, making it an efficient way to commute to work or school. Additionally, the buses also branch out to neighbouring towns on Nova Menorca, providing a cost-effective way to travel and explore the surrounding areas.

One of the benefits of the bus network is its frequency and reliability. Buses typically run every 10 to 15 minutes during peak hours, and every 20 to 30 minutes during off-peak hours. This ensures that commuters and travellers can get to their destinations in a timely manner without having to wait too long for the next bus.

Port

Ferries to Espérance, Lapérouse, depart twice daily.

There is an extensive ferry network that provides an efficient and affordable means of transportation for both residents and visitors. The ferry services operate within the Wāhihaumaru Bay, which divides the city in half and connects the north and south sides. The ferry service is particularly popular among commuters and tourists who prefer a cheaper alternative to the toll-operated San Teresa Bridge. Moreover, Santandria is also the central gateway of the Montmaneu Island's ferry system, connecting all the other islands to the city with regular daily connections. This makes it an important hub for transportation and a popular destination for travellers who want to explore the surrounding islands.

The ferry services connect the larger islands of Illa Ferreries, Illa Sant Lluis and Illa Son Bou to the capital city. These ferries offer a range of amenities and services for passengers, including restaurants, lounges, and comfortable seating areas. Furthermore, Santandria also offers ferries to Espérance, Lapérouse, which brings in hundreds of tourists a day from the mainland. These ferries operate twice daily from the city's docks to Espérance, providing a convenient and affordable means of transportation for visitors who want to visit mainland New Duveland.

Infrastructure

Santandria Airport is the largest airport in the Montmaneu Islands, and provides a crucial link to the islands.

Santandria has a well-developed infrastructure that caters to the needs of its residents and visitors. The city's infrastructure includes a wide range of facilities, including transportation, healthcare, education, and utilities.

The city's transportation infrastructure includes an extensive road network, a modern tram system, and a comprehensive bus network that connects the city's various suburbs and neighbouring towns. The city's ferry network is also an important part of its infrastructure, providing an affordable and convenient way to travel within the city and to other islands in the Montmaneu archipelago.

Santandria's healthcare infrastructure includes several hospitals, clinics, and medical centres that provide high-quality healthcare services to residents and visitors. The city is home to some of the best healthcare facilities in the region, with highly skilled medical professionals and state-of-the-art medical equipment.

The city's education infrastructure includes a range of primary, secondary, and tertiary education institutions, including public and private schools, colleges, and universities. The city has a well-educated population and is home to some of the best academic institutions in the region.

Santandria's utility infrastructure includes a reliable water supply system, a modern sewage system, and a robust electrical grid that provides electricity to homes and businesses throughout the city. The city also has a comprehensive waste management system that includes recycling programs and waste-to-energy facilities.

Health

the Santandria General Hospital is the largest in the Montmaneu Islands.

Santandria is known for its high-quality healthcare system, which provides comprehensive medical services to residents and visitors alike. The city has several public and private hospitals, clinics, and medical centres that offer a range of specialized services.

The largest hospital in the city is the Santandria General Hospital, which is a state-of-the-art facility equipped with the latest medical technology and staffed by highly trained medical professionals. The hospital offers a wide range of services, including emergency care, surgery, radiology, pediatrics, cardiology, and oncology, among others. Although in some areas which the hospital lacks, patients are air-lifted to Espérance.

In addition to the general hospital, the city also has several specialty hospitals and medical centres that focus on specific areas of medicine, such as orthopedics, neurology, and gastroenterology. These facilities are staffed by highly trained specialists who provide the latest treatments and procedures to patients.

The healthcare system in Santandria is highly accessible and affordable, with both public and private healthcare providers offering services at reasonable prices. Residents and visitors can choose to use either the public or private healthcare system, depending on their preferences and needs.

Utilities

The Nova Menorca Desalination Plant supplies a majority of the city's freshwater.

The city's electricity is supplied by the Montmaneu Islands Electricity Company, which provides power to the entire archipelago. The company has made significant investments in renewable energy in recent years, with a particular focus on wind and solar power. As a result, Santandria has a relatively low carbon footprint and is committed to sustainable energy practices.

Natural gas is also available in the city, supplied by the Montmaneu Islands Gas Company. The company provides gas for heating and cooking, and also supplies industrial customers with the gas they need for their operations.

The city's water supply is managed by the Santandria Water Authority, which is responsible for ensuring that the water is clean, safe, and reliable. The authority operates a state-of-the-art water treatment plant that uses the latest technology to purify the water and remove impurities.

Telecommunications services are provided by several companies, including the Montmaneu Islands Telecommunications Company and several private providers. The city has a modern and reliable telecommunications infrastructure, with high-speed internet available throughout the city. Mobile phone coverage is also excellent, with several mobile providers offering services in the area.

In addition to the information on the city's utilities, it's worth noting that due to limited reliable water supplies available on Nova Menorca, the Santandria Water Authority, with the support of funds from the national government, built a desalination plant in 2015. This plant supplies 50% of the entire island's fresh water, making a significant contribution to the sustainability of the island's water resources. As a result of this project, some dams that were previously used for water storage have been returned to their natural habitat, contributing to the preservation of the island's natural ecosystem.

Sister Cities

Country	City	Date
Iberia	Mahón	1965