Malerno
Malernian Republic ⲣⲉⲡⲩⲃⲗⲓⲕⲕⲁ ⲧⲁ ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲣⲛⲟ Republica de Malerno | |
|---|---|
 Flag | |
| Motto: Insiem ta Dio (Malernian) ("Together with God") | |
| Anthem: Gzira Pacifika (Malernian) ("Peaceful Island") | |
| Capital | Novata |
| Largest city | Glorja |
| Official languages | Malernian |
| Ethnic groups | 56.7% Malernian 33.3% Italian 4.0% French 2.5% Spanish 3.5% Others |
| Demonym(s) | Malernian |
| Government | Republic |
• Presidentja+ | Katia Sala |
• Prim Ministru | Silvestro Casazza |
| Legislature | Parlament ta' Malerno |
| Senatja | |
| Nazzjonali Assembla | |
| Independance from France | |
| Area | |
• Total | 243 km2 (94 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2017 estimate | 332,250 |
• 2015 census | 333,125 |
• Density | 140.7/km2 (364.4/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2016 estimate |
• Total | 59.95 billion USD |
• Per capita | $48,000 |
| HDI | .860 very high |
| Currency | Euro (€) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (EST) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +444 |
| Internet TLD | .xm |
2024 UPDATE
Malerno, officially known as the Malernian Republic is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
It lies south of the French mainland between Sardinia and the Balearic Island at the coordinates : 40°14'35"N 6°06'33"E. Malerno is 243km², it is the world's 29th smallest country in area and fifth most densely populated sovereign country. Its capital is Novata and largest city Glorja.
The official and national languages is Malernian. English is largely understood. Malernian language developed ad-hoc from numerous influences into a lingua franca with Occitan, Ligurian, Sardinian and Semitic influences
The island's location in the middle of the Mediterranean has historically given it great strategic importance as a trading hub and naval base, and a succession of powers, including Arabs, Genoans, Spanish and French before claiming it's independence
Malerno has a long Christian legacy and its Archdiocese of Malerno is claimed to be an apostolic see. Catholicism is the official religion in Malerno. Article 25 of the Constitution states that "All persons in Malerno shall have full freedom of conscience and enjoy the free exercise of their respective mode of religious worship."
Malerno is a popular tourist destination with its warm climate, numerous recreational areas, architectural and historical monuments
Etimoloġija[edit | edit source]
Malernian : La etimologija del parojja Malerno es uncertate, ma duo teorija es accettata. Le origine es Feniċju o Gharbi.
The etymology of the word Malerno is uncertain but the two following theories are advanced by linguist Martino Sforza and historian Antonio Buccellato
The first is developed from the phoenician "ma" 𐤌𐤀 meaning mother followed by the etruscan suffix "erno", the second from the arabic "mal" مال (mālā, “property, wealth”) followed by the etruscan suffix "erno"
'Storja[edit | edit source]
Malernian : Le 'storja del malerno es definiti per multe renju qawwijja. Malerno esseva un portu importanti de kummerc e al belt militarja
artikolu prinċipali : 'Storja del Malerno
Perjodu Mbieghed[edit | edit source]
The islands position halfway between Corsica and the Balearic Isles made it a crucial trading point for the Phoenicians trading through the Mediterranean. Two recorded settlements were built in the current cities of Novata and Glorja around 500 BC.
On the main island the Phoenicians built a city and a temple called Nwem. On the secondary island a settlement was founded on the northern tip of the island in place of the fort of Xifera.
Following the second Punic in 210BC wars the Romans lay claim to the island, The city of Nwem is renamed Novatus. A temple to Mars was discovered, but very few other remains were found. Phoenician and then Latin was commonly spoken on the island and during this period
Perjodu Rumana[edit | edit source]
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the third century the city of Novatus was fortified reducing it to its present size. This was done to make the city's perimeter more easily defensible, and similar reductions in city sizes were common around the Mediterranean region in the early Middle Ages.
In the sixth century the island is taken by the Vandals and then retaken by the Byzantines, it then joined the Exarchate of Africa itself part of Byzantium, in that period Christianity thrived. The island then Remained as Western outpost of Byzantium along Sardinia as Corsica joined Lombardy.
The violent conquest of Malerno by the Umayyad marked the end of the Byzantine rule over the Island, far from Sardinia Pisa and Genoa were unable to defend the island adequately. Although it was traditionally assumed that the retrenchment in Novatus was built by the Arabs, it has been suggested that it was actually built by the Byzantine Empire in around the VII century, when the threat from the Arabs increased.
Perjodu Gharbi[edit | edit source]
The Perjodu Gharbi, or Arab period is a period where Malerno was controlled by the Umayyad Caliphate, the name Gharbi meaning south in reference to the southern wind
Perjodu Genova[edit | edit source]
Following the end of the Arabic rule of the island, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI granted suzerainty over the area to the city of Genoa. On 10th of June, a detachment of Genoan Ghibelline led by Baldomero Volpe began the construction of a fortress and monastery atop the bay of Tajbamar called “Castellu San Maria di u Mare”
As the Ghibellines intended their fortress of Santa Maria to be a strategic military stronghold and center of control for the area, they set about creating a settlement around the base of the Fort to support the garrison; in an attempt to lure residents from Genoa and the surrounding cities, they offered land grants and tax exemption to new settlers.
This marks the beginning of a new settlement and harbor in the bay of Tajbamar called Tzitate Glorja. Small settlements are founded by emigrated Genoans in different bays and mirror today's cities. A settlement is built on the small sister island of Gzira called Xifera beginning the population of the island
Perjodu Spanjol[edit | edit source]
The Perjodu Spanjol, or Spanish period is a long and influential period where Malerno was controlled by Aragon and subsequently Spain. James II of Aragon had been promised the islands of Malerno, Corsica and Sardinia and was set to conquer the islands
Simultaneously, in 1321 Cesario Volpe understood that most of his subjects were unhappy with Genoan rule and undertook swift negotiations with the Aragonese. The outcome of the negotiations called the Mawra were as follow : The Volpe were recognized as leaders in condominium with a viceroy of the island and the subsequent leaders would be educated in Aragon. Cesario Volpe promised to give the island to Aragon and let it be used as a base to control Sardinia and Corsica in the upcoming wars against Genoa and Pisa.
A large rebellion called the Ribelljoni Nobbli begun in 1322 as a few families opposed the moved against Genoa, they were however quickly quelled. The leaders of the revolt, the Zanin family were expelled to Camponovo (non AIN)
Pirates and moor incursions were common through the mid twelth century leading to increasing fortifications around the island known as Catalan walls – Fortifikazzjoni Katala
King Peter IV of Aragon persuaded Clement VI to permit him to create a new military order which should be charged with the defense of the frontier against the Moors and the pirates. The new order was called the Order of the House of God and based in Glorja. The newly created order the was tasked with stopping pirates, caring for merchants and preparing a crusade in northern Africa against the Hasfids. A series of crusades and missions against pirates followed,
An important revolt against the Aragonese was led by Lorenzo Vuolo in 1472 who initially managed to defeat the army of the order of the House of God but was later crushed at the Battle of Portu Paxxi (1472). Lorenzo Vuolo was accused to be under orders of the Doria family from Genoa
For Spain owning Malerno was vital in controlling Sardinia and in it's domination of Mediterranean trade. The order of the House of God was powerful, trade thrived and many local trading families became rich. These families invested in the city and ushered in a period known as the Rinaxximent ta Malerno. The most notable families being : Zaira, Melis, Piras, Sanna, Mura, Serra and Usai
The Ottoman Empire started spreading over the region in the 16th century reaching South East Europe, moreover and despite the order of the House of God, Barbary corsairs became a true menace to shipping from European Christian nations. The Spanish king Charles V feared that if Rome fell to the Turks, it would be the end of Christian Europe.
The Order of the House of God was reformed with the addition of many elements of former Spanish orders and took part in many battles including the Spanish wars against the Ottomans, siege of Malta, Battle of Lepanto and capture of Annaba. The orders aggressive and efficient capabilities had been recognized, functioning virtually as a group of assassins and arsonists. The Order concentrated on the defense of the Mediterranean coasts against Turkish and African pirates. In particular, the Knights made some incursions into the Aegean Islands controlled by the Turks, and took part in the campaigns in Dalmatia, Negroponte and Corfu. In the 1600's the military activities dropped while the financial activities of the order grew exponentially. Today’s Notable Banks all descend from the Order and a series of baroque extensions an cities were built.
Perjodu Sardinja[edit | edit source]
Following the Spanish succession war; Malerno falls into the Italian spheres of influence under the house of Savoy, it was assigned to Emperor Charles VI in 1714. By then Spain stopped claiming the island, judged to difficult to administrate and distant.
Socially Malerno had not changed much since medieval times, the population of the islands was divided into three classes: the privileged nobility, the urban middle class (cittadini) and the commoners (popolari).
The nobility were mostly landowners, and derided mercantile activity, which was left to the urban burghers; as a result, the latter also came to amass wealth and land, and aspired to join the ruling class. In this contest, the rural peasantry was generally politically marginalized
In the Sardinian period most cities were extended following baroque urban plans, called the Estensjoni Barokka
Perjodu Franciz[edit | edit source]
In 1792, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the other states of the Savoy Crown joined the First Coalition against the French First Republic, but was beaten in 1796 by Napoleon and forced to conclude the disadvantageous Treaty of Paris in which Malerno became french.
Napoleon was a man of his time, whether be it on the legislative level with, for example, the first decree against industrial pollution (1810), or the development of public services, such as education and public hospitals. The Consulate and the First Empire saw the emergence of the modern city, which required planning and public intervention for the collective and moral good.
Large tree-lined avenues were catalysts of the urban structure, places of passage and social life. In 1807, Elisa Baciocchi, Napoleon's sister, arranged the walkway around the walls and ramparts of Kastello, thus creating a tree-lined promenade that highlights the geometric shape of the city. Interventions in the cities of the island had taken geometric forms used as a way of manifesting human will.
By 1810, religious orders on the island were suppressed, but a specific decree regulating the pharmaceutical activities of convents opted to maintain these activities and not to interrupt them because they were essential to the city. Medical laboratories were separated from ecclesiastical management and became autonomous. Religious facilities, such as convents, were restructured to host hospitals.
Urban restructuring took place both from a hygienic point of view and from a desire to make the presence of the Empire felt and took place with a certain magnitude and grandeur. The emergence of new hospitals in Osserva, Xifera and Paxxi, disadvantaged area of the city, also had an important social impact on the population. Specialised hospitals were also developed, and Napoleon’s time saw for example the emergence of the first pediatric hospital.
A railroad was built, creating the base of the actual Metro and the Ghetto of Zaara was abolished, and the city's Jews were given the freedom to move about freely.
Perjodu Liberta[edit | edit source]
Despite being a European country the independance of Malerno closely follow the decolonisation of French North African territories. The first independence movement was formed by Giancarlo Azara and called Gziritna in 1905. As part of postwar Malerno, a new all-Malernian labor organization was formed the Unjin del Lavoro. This was one of the stronger components of the nationalist group Gziritna.
In 1962 following the indepedance of Algeria (....)
Geografija[edit | edit source]
Malerno formed about 250 million years ago with the uplift of a granite backbone on the western side. About 50 million years ago sedimentary rock was pressed against this granite, forming the schists of the western side. Malerno is one of the most mountainous islands in the Mediterranean proportionally to it's size. The island has a large rocky coastline with coves and beaches
Klima[edit | edit source]
Under the Köppen climate classification scheme, coastal regions are characterized by a hot-summer Mediterranean climate. The annual average relative humidity is high, averaging 75%, ranging from 65% in July (morning: 78% evening: 53%) to 80% in December (morning: 83% evening: 73%). Sunshine duration hours total around 3,000 per year, from an average 5.2 hours of sunshine duration per day in December to an average above 12 hours in July. This is about double that of cities in the northern half of Europe.
Urbanizzazzjoni[edit | edit source]
Malerno is composed of two major urban areas. The largest of which is the Glorja-Kastell-Irduma Area with 180.000 Inhabitants, followed by the Zahra-Rumana Area with 100.000 Inhabitants
Geographers note that the whole territory of Malerno constitutes a single urban region with extensive infrastructure connecting the two areas. Occasionally in books, government publications, and in some international institutions, Malerno is referred to as a city-state.
Until 1860's most of Malerno's population lived in the medieval towns and baroque cities, Hygienist projects by engineers and urbanists sought to extend the cities outwards and depopulate medieval towns. The projects were called the Espansjoni and were a reinterpretation of the Baroque urban plans with strong social ideals
From the 1950s onward locals governments sought to link the cities together with infrastructural projects. The harbor is moved from Glorja to the peninsula of Osserva and an airport is built, the logistical hub was named Mediport. The Awtostrada del Malerno (expressway) is built to link Osserva to Irduma and relieve traffic on the Via Kostali. Finally, the old Napoleonic train line connecting Osserva to Kastell is renovated and extended in order to create the Malerno Metro
Politika[edit | edit source]
Historically until it's independence Malerno had always been under authority of foreign powers although during the Spanish period it was ruled in condominium with Spain. The politics of Malerno take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the Kostituzzjoni Popolos of the Malernian First Republic.
The nation declares itself to be an "indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic". The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims the attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of National Sovereignty. The political system of Malerno consists of an executive branch, a legislative branch, and a judicial branch.
Executive power is exercised by the president of the republic and the Government. The Government consists of the prime minister and ministers. The prime minister is appointed by the president, and is responsible to Parliament. The government, including the prime minister, can be revoked by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, through a motion of no-confidence; this ensures that the prime minister is practically always supported by a majority in the lower house (which, on most topics, has prominence over the upper house).
Parlamentja (Parliament) consists of the Nazzjonali Assembla (National Assembly) and the Senat (Senate). It passes statutes and votes on the budget; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry.
The current Presidence of Malerno is led by Katia Sala who was elected. in 2024 and will preside Malerno until 2027.
Diviżjonijiet Amministrattivi[edit | edit source]
Malerno has had a system of local government since 1988, based on the European Charter of Local Self-Government. The country is divided into seven regions with each region having its own Regional Council, serving as the intermediate level between local government and national government.
The largest region Region is Bajja Gloruz concentrating over half of the islands population, the least populous being Gzira Gharbi
| Regjun / Region | Postal Code | ISO | Communities / Komunità | Head of Governement | Population | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bajja Kbira
ⲃⲁⲏⲏⲁ ⲕⲃⲓⲣⲁ
|
1000 | KS | Kastello | Lwigi Kasetta | 23040 | |
| 1100 | GL | Glorja | Carlotta Leone | 45039 | ||
| 1200 | IR | Irduma | Gwann Santo | 2302 | ||
| 1300 | RI | Riponna | Mario Salvi | 6440 | ||
| 1400 | AY | Ayda | Piero Dimetrio | 3920 | ||
| Kosta Rumana
Ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲁ Ⲣⲩⲙⲁⲙⲁ  |
2000 | RO | Romana | Vicente Zanetti | 11203 |
total population : 62275 |
| 2100 | MM | Sant Marja | Laura Bonello | 3202 | ||
| 2200 | ZA | Zaira | Giorla Agresta | 32010 | ||
| 2300 | OS | Ossoni | Maria Dalmau | 1330 | ||
| 2400 | PX | Paxxi | Matteo Rizzi | 14530 | ||
| Kosta Iebsa
Ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲁ ⲓⲉⲃⲥⲁ
|
3000 | CA | Caruso | Elsa Bernardi | 12390 | total population : 20324 |
| 3100 | BE | Belmonda | Carlo Brera | 6704 | ||
| 3200 | LV | Larvotto | Valerio Raco | 1230 | ||
Kosta Katala
ⲕⲟⲥⲧⲁ ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲗⲁ |
4000 | SL | Sant Lewi | Georga Zeno | 1403 | total population : 3005 |
| 4100 | MP | Mediport Airport | - | 150 | ||
| 4200 | SF | Sant Feliu | Silvia Tintore | 1452 | ||
Regjun Centrali
Ⲣⲉⲅⲏⲩⲛ Ϭⲉⲛⲧⲣⲁⲗⲓ |
5000 | NV | Novata | Katia Sala | 18449 |
total population : 20988 |
| 5100 | NW | Nwem | Livio Serra | 487 | ||
| 5200 | VS | Valesia | Mauro Moretti | 320 | ||
| Gzira Antimalerno
ⲁⲛⲧⲓⲙⲁⲗⲉⲣⲛⲟ
|
6000 | XI | Xifera | Leone Prospero | 1732 | total population : 3093 |
| 6100 | SP | Sant Guiseppe | Ariana Sanna | 929 | ||
| 6200 | SL | Sant Lucja | Leandro Senna | 432 | ||
Gzira Gharbi
ⲅϩⲁⲣⲃⲓ |
7000 | PR | Perdidja | Guiseppe Serra | 194 | total population : 285 |
| 7100 | ME | Melia | Mireilla Santji | 91 | ||
| TOTAL : 190721 |
Each council is made up of a number of councillors (from 5 to 13, depending on and relative to the population they represent). A mayor and a deputy mayor are elected by and from the councillors. The executive secretary, who is appointed by the council, is the executive, administrative and financial head of the council. Councillors are elected every four years through the single transferable vote. Due to system reforms, no elections were held before 2012. Since then, elections have been held every two years for an alternating half of the councils.
Local councils are responsible for the general upkeep and embellishment of the locality (including repairs to non-arterial roads), allocation of local wardens, they also carry out general administrative duties for the central government such as the collection of government rents and funds and answer government-related public inquiries. Additionally, a number of individual towns and villages in the Republic of Malerno have sister cities.
Militarja[edit | edit source]
The Forzi Armati ta' Malerno (FAM) was founded following the independence of the island
- The objectives of are to maintain a military organisation with the primary aim of defending the islands' integrity according to the defence roles as set by the government in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
- This is achieved by emphasizing the maintenance of Malerno's territorial waters and airspace integrity
Kriza Migranti[edit | edit source]
Ekonomija[edit | edit source]
Bankarji u Taxxi[edit | edit source]
Turizmo[edit | edit source]
Trasport[edit | edit source]
Innovazzjoni[edit | edit source]
Demografija[edit | edit source]
Kultura[edit | edit source]
Malerni Romantizmu i Modernizmu[edit | edit source]
Malernians began reasserting their political aspirations during the Sardinian protectorate when the writer Guerrino Solari wrote a poem on the islands landscape and language. Under the French protectorate the question of a distinct Malernian identity quickly became important.
In response to a fragmented history of submission to various foreign powers the mythology of Malerno's identity grew along three main axis : The renewed interest in the Arabic heritage of the island, the appreciation of the island's natural environment and the creation of a narrative and a founding myth based on mythology and poetry
As a result, a number of individuals set out to collect the artifacts of the distinctly Malernian culture, hoping thereby to preserve and promote a sense of Malernian identity.
In 1849 following the revolutions of 1848 Gavino Iorio painted the Surrender of Zaira an allegory of Malerno as a captive under the french protectorate. The characters name was commonly given in Malerno, it is of an Arabic origin, the french soldier are holding the flag of the protectorate, symbolically giving her away to Napoleon.
The prior Romantizmu movement was an important influence upon Modernizmu artists who, later, were receptive to the ideas of Aisha Zanin and wanted Malernian culture to be regarded as equal to that of other European countries.
Arkitettura i Urbanizmu[edit | edit source]
Letteratura[edit | edit source]
Arti[edit | edit source]
Kuxxina[edit | edit source]
Malernian cuisine consists of a great variety of dishes which stem from its geography and history. It is heavily influenced both by seafood available from the waters that surround the country and imported dishes from trading nations.
- Pixxi Frittu, a dish of various foods like vegetables, seafood, and herbs fried in a very light batter
- Fdalijiet, originally an arabic word, consists of various seafood mixed with vermicelli
- Ross Negru, black tinted rice, aoli and squid
- Pastuzu bis-sardin, pasta mixed with sardines
- Pastuzu bis-ricina, pasta mixed with sea urchin
- Pixxispad, swordfish mixed with vegetables and sauces
- Pixxi Kouskous, the traditionnal arabic couscous mixed with seafood
- Bitza, imported from Naples this is the local variant of Pizza