Baliscan Civil War

Baliscan Civil War
Clockwise from top: Surrender at Isàvena, Siege of Novato Hesperian fleet at Algarves, Brumavent Massacre, Battle of San Xoán and Siege of Castejón
Date 9 July 1828 – 18 October 1837 (9 years, 3 months, 9 days) 4 November 1837 – 14 June 1838 (222 days) Location Southern Confederation Result Confederalist victory; Treaty of Isàvena Dissolution of the Xunta Nacionalista Baliscan territorial integrity preserved Castejón becomes the de facto confederal capital Balisca accedes to Afro Atlantic Charter; amical protection granted to Maroon Confederacy Beginning of the Ani Federali
Belligerents
Southern Confederation (Confederalist forces) Cerdanya Hesperia Estuaria Carpinchera Republic Military support: Maroon Confederacy United Provinces of the Río de la Plata	Xunta Nacionalista (Secessionist forces) Military support: Brazilian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Julyan Garrigós Michelangelo Valentino Manuel Dorrego	Silvio Paolo  † Pedro I of Brazil

The Baliscan Civil War (Baliscano: Guerra Civil Baliscana; 9 July 1828 – 14 June 1838) was a conflict which followed the Baliscan War of Independence. Discontent with the inefficient confederal system of government arose immediately after independence, especially in regards to tariffs, trade, and taxes. These tension were inflamed by the Pastry War, an armed conflict between Hesperia and Bayara, and the later Basilio Mutiny. Hesperian delegates called for a Confederal Convention to solve the impending crisis in Alessandria. The convention resulted in the Compromise of 1827 which provided for a significantly strengthened central government to handle disputes between the respective republics and their territories. This was unanimously supported by the delegations of Hesperia and Cerdanya, but was opposed and denounced by the Bayarans.

The twelve delegates of Bayara were at the time aware that the republic was well on it's way towards renouncing the Articles of Confederation and seceding from the Confederation. The Bayaran Congress announced their denunciation of Articles of Confederation on 6 July 1828, and the secessionist Xunta Nacionalista assumed provisional powers in anticipation of war. The Confederal Congress declared this move a violation of the Compromise, triggering the beginning of the civil war. Bayaran armies conducted an ill-fated campaign to capture the Alpujarra in 1828, which culminated in the Siege of Castejón and saw the intervention of the Maroon Confederacy on the side of the Confederalists.

Despite controlling a numerical troop advantage throughout the war, the Bayarans were unable to overcome its geographic disadvantages: it was relatively flat, it was unable to establish control over high mountain passes across the Matarrañya / Cañadapirén, and thus unable to directly threaten Hesperian territory. Additionally, it was further hobbled by the far larger Confederalist Navy. By 1835, most Bayaran pro-secessionist land and naval forces had either surrendered or otherwise ceased hostilities. Despite this the war lacked a formal end, with bands of secessionist guerrilla forces fighting, surrendering or disbanding sporadically throughout most of 1835-1837. Tensions reignited after a massacre in Brumavent, in which pro-secessionist soldiers executed the hundreds of captives and vowed to continue their guerrilla warfare.

This triggered significant unrest on both sides and reignited the already high tensions between the Catalans and Aragonese that resided in the Western Plains. Reprisals and counter reprisals escalated, and the two factions subsequently fought a series of battles across the Estuarian wetlands (referred to as the Two Hundred Days), in which the Confederalists again emerged victorious.

Bayara was punished severely in the Treaty of Isàvena: they were forced to pay the expenses and debts incurred by the Confederation during the war, in addition to the the Legislative Assembly's being coerced into ratifying the Compromise, resulting what became known as the Reconstruction era. Communes and regions within Bayara that had sided with the Confederalists following the Brumavent massacre largely avoided occupation. In addition, the Confederal Congress recognized the Afro Atlantic Charter, establishing amical relations with Maroon Territory.